Sunday, March 10, 2013

There is a sweet movie now playing in NYC at various cinemas. The title is "NO". It is a fictional version of a referendum in Chile in 1988 run by the government of Pinochet to vote should Pinochet continue to be the President of Chile - Yes or No?  
Everyone was sure Pinochet would not let the NO vote win. Most people seemed too scared to vote The YES campaign and the NO campaign were each given 15 minutes per night on National TV for 27 days. The film is about these TV campaigns. It shows how respect for the people and a sense of political purpose helped there to be a non violent removal of the Pinochet dictatorship. You can see trailers at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOeiw_BJPas http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/culturevideo/filmvideo/cinema-trailers/9758485/No-starring-Gael-Garcia-Bernal-trailer-exclusive.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=ZnweGbPbZNQ&NR=1 Also, you might find the Wikipedia entry of interest since it helps clarify the historical event: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilean_national_plebiscite,_1988 I will paste the text below. Take care. Jay ======================== The 1988 Chilean national plebiscite was a national referendum held to determine whether or not dictator Augusto Pinochet would extend his rule for another eight-year term in office. It was held on 5 October 1988. The "No" side won with 55.99% of the vote, ending Pinochet's 16 years in power. Army General Augusto Pinochet took power on September 11, 1973 in a coup d'at which deposed the democratically-elected Socialist President Salvador Allende. Allende killed himself[1] while the presidential palace was being bombarded. A military junta .led by Pinochet, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh, Navy Admiral JosToribio Merino, and Carabinero Chief General Car Mendoza. was sworn in that same evening. The following day, the four drafted an official document suspending the 1925 constitution and Congress and establishing the Junta as Chile.s supreme power. Pinochet was designated as its first President, and the four verbally agreed to rotate the office. Shortly after, the Junta established an advisory committee, which Pinochet was successful in staffing with Army officers loyal to himself. One of their first recommendations was to discard the idea of a rotating Presidency, arguing it would create too many administrative problems and lead to confusion.[2] In March 1974, six months after the Junta.s establishment, Pinochet verbally attacked the Christian Democrat Party and stated that there was no set timetable for the return to civilian rule. On December 18, 1974 Pinochet was declared Supreme Leader of the nation.[2] After that date, the junta functioned strictly as a legislative body until the return to democracy in 1990. On September 24, 1973, a commission was set up by the junta to draw up a blueprint for a new constitution. By October 5, 1978, the commission had finished its work. During the next two years, the proposal was studied by the Council of State presided by former president Jorge Alessandri, and in July 1980 it submitted a Constitution draft to Pinochet and the Junta. A national plebiscite.regarded as "highly irregular" by some observers[3].took place on September 11, 1980, where the Constitution was approved by 67%. The Constitution, which took effect in March 1981, established a "transition period," where Pinochet would continue to exercise the executive power and the Junta the legislative power, for the next eight years. Before that period ended, a candidate for President was to be proposed by the Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces and Carabinero Chief General for the following period of eight years. The candidate was to be ratified by voters in a national plebiscite. On August 30, 1988 Pinochet was declared the candidate. Plebiscite Original ballot. The plebiscite .as detailed in the 1980 Constitution approved on 21 October 1980. consisted of two choices: Yes: The proposed candidate is approved. Pinochet takes office on March 11, 1989 for the following eight years and parliamentary elections take place nine months after he is sworn in. The Junta continues to exercise the legislative power until the newly elected Congress takes office on March 11, 1990. No: The proposed candidate is rejected. Pinochet and the Junta continue in power for another year. Presidential and parliamentary elections take place three months before Pinochet's term expires. The newly elected President and Congress take office on March 11, 1990. Results Option Votes % Result Yes 3,119,110 44.01 No 3,967,569 55.98 Proposal rejected Valid votes 7,086,679 100.00 Null votes 94,594 1.30 Blank votes 70,660 0.97 Total votes 7,251,933 100.00 Registered voters 7,435,913 97.52% turnout Voting-age population 8,173,014 90.98% registered Aftermath Following his defeat at the polls, Pinochet wanted to retain power, but was forced to back down when the heads of the branches of the military refused to support him.[4] Pinochet and opposition forces agreed to revise the 1980 Constitution. The 54 proposed amendments were approved by 94% of voters in a referendum on 30 July 1989. Presidential and parliamentary elections took place as scheduled on 14 December 1989. The opposition candidate.Christian Democrat Patricio Aylwin.won the election with 55% of the votes and took office on 11 March 1990. The newly elected Congress was sworn in that same day. Popular culture The 2012 film No presented a fictionalized account of the "No" television campaign. To date, it is the only Chilean film to have been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

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